The Inference Report
OpenAI is moving fast to monetize its installed base while preemptively satisfying regulatory requirements, signaling confidence that compliance and commerce can run on the same track. The watermarking announcement addresses EU text provenance rules before they fully crystallize, positioning OpenAI as the responsible actor in the room and likely raising the bar for competitors who lack equivalent infrastructure. Simultaneously, the advertising push reveals where the real leverage lies: ChatGPT's user base is now a media property, and OpenAI is building the measurement and attribution machinery to let brands follow users through the interface. This is not a lab problem anymore; it is a business problem wearing a technical hat. Meanwhile, the infrastructure layer is fractionalizing. NVIDIA remains the default compute play, but AMD's ROCm 10.1 is explicitly targeting the data-movement bottleneck that becomes acute at scale, a problem that matters most to labs and enterprises heavy enough to care about optimization beyond raw throughput. GitHub's ReviewBench and Google's agentic privacy work signal that the next wave of AI commoditization will run through developer tools and agent workflows, where standardized evaluation and open benchmarks become the price of entry. Hugging Face's Falcon-Emirati and NVIDIA's breast cancer imaging work are the outliers here, pointing toward vertical specialization and domain-specific fine-tuning as a secondary market, but neither moves the needle on competitive positioning in the way the advertising and infrastructure plays do. The real story is that OpenAI is locking in revenue streams while the infrastructure vendors are racing to make alternative compute viable, and the developer platforms are racing to own the next abstraction layer before the market settles.
Sloane Duvall
A curated reference of models from major AI labs, with open/closed weight status, input modalities, and context window size. American labs tend towards closed weights models and Chinese labs tend toward open weights models.
AllenAINone
- AllenAI: Olmo 3 32B ThinkText66K
Amazon- Amazon: Nova 2 LiteTextVisionVideoFiles1M
- Amazon: Nova Premier 1.0TextVision1M
None
Anthropic- Anthropic: Claude Fable 5TextVisionFiles1M
- Anthropic: Claude Fable 5.1TextVisionFiles1M
- Anthropic: Claude Haiku 4.5TextVisionFiles200K
- Anthropic: Claude Opus 4.5FilesVisionText200K
- Anthropic: Claude Opus 4.6TextVisionFiles1M
- Anthropic: Claude Opus 4.7TextVisionFiles1M
- Anthropic: Claude Opus 4.8TextVisionFiles1M
- Anthropic: Claude Opus 5TextVisionFiles1M
- Anthropic: Claude Opus 5.5TextVisionFiles1M
- Anthropic: Claude Sonnet 4.6TextVisionFiles1M
- Anthropic: Claude Sonnet 5TextVisionFiles1M
- Anthropic: Claude Sonnet 5.5TextVisionFiles1M
None
Arcee AINone
- Arcee AI: Trinity Large ThinkingText262K
Deep CogitoNone
- Deep Cogito: Cogito v2.1 671BText128K
Google- Google: Gemini 3 Flash PreviewTextVisionFilesAudioVideo1M
- Google: Gemini 3.1 Flash LiteTextVisionVideoFilesAudio1M
- Google: Gemini 3.1 Flash Lite PreviewTextVisionVideoFilesAudio1M
- Google: Gemini 3.1 Pro PreviewAudioFilesVisionTextVideo1M
- Google: Gemini 3.1 Pro Preview Custom ToolsTextAudioVisionVideoFiles1M
- Google: Gemini 3.5 FlashTextVisionVideoFilesAudio1M
- Google: Gemini 3.5 Flash LiteTextVisionVideoFilesAudio1M
- Google: Gemini 3.6 FlashTextVisionVideoFilesAudio1M
- Google: Gemini 3.7 FlashTextVisionVideoFilesAudio1M
- Google: Gemini 3.8 FlashTextVisionVideoFilesAudio1M
- Google: Lyria 3 Clip PreviewTextVision1M
- Google: Lyria 3 Pro PreviewTextVision1M
- Google: Nano Banana (Gemini 2.5 Flash Image)VisionText33K
- Google: Nano Banana 2 (Gemini 3.1 Flash Image Preview)VisionText66K
- Google: Nano Banana 2 (Gemini 3.1 Flash Image)VisionText131K
- Google: Nano Banana 2 Lite (Gemini 3.1 Flash Lite Image)VisionText66K
- Google: Nano Banana Pro (Gemini 3 Pro Image Preview)VisionText66K
- Google: Nano Banana Pro (Gemini 3 Pro Image)VisionText131K
- Google: Gemma 4 26B A4B VisionTextVideo262K
- Google: Gemma 4 31BVisionTextVideo262K
IBMNone
- IBM: Granite 4.0 MicroText131K
- IBM: Granite 4.2 8BText131K
Inception- Inception: Mercury 2Text128K
- Inception: Mercury 2.5Text260K
None
Meta (Muse)- Meta: Muse Spark 1.1TextVisionVideoFiles1M
- Meta: Muse Spark 1.2TextVisionVideoFiles1M
- Meta: Muse Spark 1.2 ContributorTextVisionVideoFiles1M
- Meta: Muse Spark 1.3TextVisionVideoFiles1M
- Meta: Muse Spark 1.3 ContributorTextVisionVideoFiles1M
- Meta: Muse Glimmer 30BTextVision131K
NVIDIANone
- NVIDIA: Nemotron 3 Nano 30B A3BText262K
- NVIDIA: Nemotron 3 SuperText262K
- NVIDIA: Nemotron 3 UltraText262K
- NVIDIA: Nemotron 3.5 LightningText262K
- NVIDIA: SwitchyardText1M
OpenAI- OpenAI: GPT AudioTextAudio128K
- OpenAI: GPT Audio MiniTextAudio128K
- OpenAI: GPT-5 ImageVisionTextFiles400K
- OpenAI: GPT-5 Image MiniFilesVisionText400K
- OpenAI: GPT-5 ProVisionTextFiles400K
- OpenAI: GPT-5.1VisionTextFiles400K
- OpenAI: GPT-5.1-CodexTextVision400K
- OpenAI: GPT-5.1-Codex-MaxTextVision400K
- OpenAI: GPT-5.1-Codex-MiniVisionText400K
- OpenAI: GPT-5.2FilesVisionText400K
- OpenAI: GPT-5.2 ChatFilesVisionText128K
- OpenAI: GPT-5.2 ProVisionTextFiles400K
- OpenAI: GPT-5.2-CodexTextVision400K
- OpenAI: GPT-5.3-CodexTextVisionFiles400K
- OpenAI: GPT-5.4TextVisionFiles1M
- OpenAI: GPT-5.4 Image 2VisionTextFiles272K
- OpenAI: GPT-5.4 MiniFilesVisionText400K
- OpenAI: GPT-5.4 NanoFilesVisionText400K
- OpenAI: GPT-5.4 ProTextVisionFiles1M
- OpenAI: GPT-5.5FilesVisionText1M
- OpenAI: GPT-5.5 ProFilesVisionText1M
- OpenAI: GPT-5.6 LunaFilesVisionText1M
- OpenAI: GPT-5.6 Luna ProFilesVisionText1M
- OpenAI: GPT-5.6 SolFilesVisionText1M
- OpenAI: GPT-5.6 Sol ProFilesVisionText1M
- OpenAI: GPT-5.6 TerraFilesVisionText1M
- OpenAI: GPT-5.6 Terra ProFilesVisionText1M
- OpenAI: GPT-6 AstraFilesVisionText1M
- OpenAI: GPT-6 Astra ProFilesVisionText1M
- OpenAI: GPT-6 LunaFilesVisionText1M
- OpenAI: GPT-6 Luna ProFilesVisionText1M
- OpenAI: GPT-6 SolFilesVisionText1M
- OpenAI: GPT-6 Sol ProFilesVisionText1M
- OpenAI: GPT-6.1 SolFilesVisionText1M
- OpenAI: GPT-6.1 Sol ProFilesVisionText1M
None
Perceptron- Perceptron: Perceptron Mk1TextVisionVideo33K
- Perceptron: Perceptron Mk1.5TextVisionVideoAudio37K
None
Perplexity- Perplexity: Sonar Pro SearchTextVision200K
None
PoolsideNone
- Poolside: Laguna S 2.1Text1M
- Poolside: Laguna XS 2.1Text262K
Reka AINone
- Reka EdgeVisionTextVideo16K
RelaceNone
- Relace: Relace SearchText256K
Thinking MachinesNone
- Thinking Machines: InklingTextVisionAudio524K
- Thinking Machines: Inkling SmallTextVisionAudio524K
xAI- SpaceXAI: Grok 4.20TextVisionFiles2M
- SpaceXAI: Grok 4.20 Multi-AgentTextVisionFiles2M
- SpaceXAI: Grok 4.3TextVisionFiles1M
- SpaceXAI: Grok 4.5TextVisionFiles500K
- SpaceXAI: Grok 4.6TextVisionFiles500K
- SpaceXAI: Grok 4.7TextVisionFiles500K
- SpaceXAI: Grok Build 0.1TextVisionFiles256K
None
Cohere- Cohere: Command A+TextVision192K
None
Mistral AINone
- Mistral: Devstral 2 2512TextFiles262K
- Mistral: Ministral 3 14B 2512TextVision262K
- Mistral: Ministral 3 3B 2512TextVision131K
- Mistral: Ministral 3 8B 2512TextVision262K
- Mistral: Mistral Large 3 2512TextVisionFiles262K
- Mistral: Mistral Medium 3.5TextVisionFiles262K
- Mistral: Mistral Small 4TextVision262K
- Mistral: Voxtral Small 24B 2507TextAudioFiles33K
Alibaba (Qwen)- Qwen: Qwen3 Max ThinkingText262K
- Qwen: Qwen3.6 FlashTextVisionVideo1M
- Qwen: Qwen3.6 Max PreviewText262K
- Qwen: Qwen3.6 PlusTextVisionVideo1M
- Qwen: Qwen3.7 FlashTextVisionVideo1M
- Qwen: Qwen3.7 MaxText1M
- Qwen: Qwen3.7 PlusTextVision1M
- Qwen: Qwen3 Coder NextText262K
- Qwen: Qwen3 VL 30B A3B InstructTextVision262K
- Qwen: Qwen3 VL 30B A3B ThinkingTextVision262K
- Qwen: Qwen3 VL 32B InstructTextVision131K
- Qwen: Qwen3 VL 8B InstructVisionText262K
- Qwen: Qwen3 VL 8B ThinkingVisionText131K
- Qwen: Qwen3.5 397B A17BTextVisionVideo262K
- Qwen: Qwen3.5-122B-A10BTextVisionVideo262K
- Qwen: Qwen3.5-27BTextVisionVideo262K
- Qwen: Qwen3.5-35B-A3BTextVisionVideo262K
- Qwen: Qwen3.5-9BTextVisionVideo262K
- Qwen: Qwen3.6 27BTextVisionVideo262K
- Qwen: Qwen3.6 35B A3BTextVisionVideo262K
- Qwen: Qwen3.8 2.4T A95BText1M
- Qwen: Qwen3.8 27BTextVisionVideo1M
- Qwen: Qwen3.8 FlashTextVisionVideo1M
- Qwen: Qwen3.8 Max (0902)TextVisionVideo1M
- Qwen: Qwen3.8 Max PrimeTextVisionVideo1M
- Qwen: Qwen3.8 Omni FlashTextVisionAudioVideo1M
ByteDance- Seed: Seed 1.6VisionTextVideo262K
- Seed: Seed 1.6 FlashVisionTextVideo262K
- Seed: Seed 2.1 TurboTextVisionVideo262K
- Seed: Seed-2.0-CodeTextVisionVideo262K
- Seed: Seed-2.0-LiteTextVisionVideo262K
- Seed: Seed-2.0-MiniTextVisionVideo262K
None
DeepSeekNone
- DeepSeek: DeepSeek V3.2Text164K
- DeepSeek: DeepSeek V4 Flash 0423Text1M
- DeepSeek: DeepSeek V4 Flash 0731Text1M
- DeepSeek: DeepSeek V4 Flash Vision ExpTextVision1M
- DeepSeek: DeepSeek V4 Pro 0423Text1M
- DeepSeek: DeepSeek V4 Pro 0813Text1M
- DeepSeek: DeepSeek V4.1 FlashTextVision1M
MiniMax- MiniMax: MiniMax M2-herText66K
- MiniMax: MiniMax M2Text205K
- MiniMax: MiniMax M2.1Text205K
- MiniMax: MiniMax M2.5Text205K
- MiniMax: MiniMax M2.7Text205K
- MiniMax: MiniMax M3TextVisionVideo1M
Moonshot AINone
- MoonshotAI: Kimi K2 ThinkingText262K
- MoonshotAI: Kimi K2.5TextVision262K
- MoonshotAI: Kimi K2.6TextVision262K
- MoonshotAI: Kimi K2.7 CodeTextVision262K
- MoonshotAI: Kimi K3TextVisionVideo1M
XiaomiNone
- Xiaomi: MiMo-V2.5TextAudioVisionVideo1M
- Xiaomi: MiMo-V2.5-ProText1M
- Xiaomi: MiMo-V2.6-FlashTextVisionVideoAudio1M
- Xiaomi: MiMo-V2.6-ProTextVisionVideoAudio1M
- Xiaomi: MiMo-V2.6-Pro-UltraSpeedTextVisionVideoAudio1M
Z.aiNone
- Z.ai: GLM 4.6VVisionTextVideo131K
- Z.ai: GLM 4.7Text205K
- Z.ai: GLM 4.7 FlashText200K
- Z.ai: GLM 5Text205K
- Z.ai: GLM 5 TurboText203K
- Z.ai: GLM 5.1Text205K
- Z.ai: GLM 5.2Text1M
- Z.ai: GLM 5.3Text1M
- Z.ai: GLM 5.3 FlashTextVisionVideo1M
- Z.ai: GLM 5.3 FlashXTextVisionVideo1M
- Z.ai: GLM 5.3 PrimeText1M
- Z.ai: GLM 5V TurboVisionTextVideo203K
Upstage- Upstage: Solar Mini 4Text524K
- Upstage: Solar Pro 3Text131K
- Upstage: Solar Pro 4Text524K
None