The Inference Report
The announcements today reveal two distinct competitive theaters. One cluster centers on infrastructure and manufacturing, NVIDIA and AMD racing through MLPerf benchmarks, NVIDIA expanding partnerships with HPE and Coherent to lock in the hardware stack, AMD pushing distributed inference optimization on its Instinct line. This is competition over who owns the training and serving layer, where wins compound. The other cluster scatters across applications: OpenAI betting on pre-deployment simulation to reduce safety friction in releases, Google pairing climate work with housing planning to signal regulatory alignment, Microsoft and NVIDIA pushing agents into field devices and enterprise workflows. What's notable is the absence of a unified narrative. These aren't coordinated moves toward a shared vision of AI's next phase, they're parallel plays on different bets. OpenAI is optimizing for faster iteration and reduced friction at release. Google is optimizing for government partnership and public goods framing. NVIDIA is optimizing for supply chain control and platform lock-in. AMD is optimizing for competitive parity in training benchmarks and inference efficiency. IBM is optimizing for enterprise anxiety about data sovereignty. The infrastructure race has clear winners and losers. The application race has room for many players, which is why you see Microsoft in Turkish farming, NVIDIA in AR glasses, Anthropic in coding agents, and Google in housing. The money is moving fastest where switching costs are highest, that's the hardware layer. Everything else is still fighting for distribution.
Sloane Duvall
A curated reference of models from major AI labs, with open/closed weight status, input modalities, and context window size. American labs tend towards closed weights models and Chinese labs tend toward open weights models.
Amazon- Amazon: Nova 2 LiteTextVisionVideoFiles1M
- Amazon: Nova Premier 1.0TextVision1M
None
Anthropic- Anthropic: Claude Fable 5TextVisionFiles1M
- Anthropic: Claude Haiku 4.5TextVisionFiles200K
- Anthropic: Claude Opus 4.1VisionTextFiles200K
- Anthropic: Claude Opus 4.5FilesVisionText200K
- Anthropic: Claude Opus 4.6TextVisionFiles1M
- Anthropic: Claude Opus 4.6 (Fast)TextVisionFiles1M
- Anthropic: Claude Opus 4.7TextVisionFiles1M
- Anthropic: Claude Opus 4.7 (Fast)TextVisionFiles1M
- Anthropic: Claude Opus 4.8TextVisionFiles1M
- Anthropic: Claude Opus 4.8 (Fast)TextVisionFiles1M
- Anthropic: Claude Sonnet 4.5TextVisionFiles1M
- Anthropic: Claude Sonnet 4.6TextVisionFiles1M
None
Google DeepMind- Google: Gemini 2.5 Flash LiteTextVisionFilesAudioVideo1M
- Google: Gemini 2.5 Flash Lite Preview 09-2025TextVisionFilesAudioVideo1M
- Google: Gemini 3 Flash PreviewTextVisionFilesAudioVideo1M
- Google: Gemini 3.1 Flash LiteTextVisionVideoFilesAudio1M
- Google: Gemini 3.1 Flash Lite PreviewTextVisionVideoFilesAudio1M
- Google: Gemini 3.1 Pro PreviewAudioFilesVisionTextVideo1M
- Google: Gemini 3.1 Pro Preview Custom ToolsTextAudioVisionVideoFiles1M
- Google: Gemini 3.5 FlashTextVisionVideoFilesAudio1M
- Google: Lyria 3 Clip PreviewTextVision1M
- Google: Lyria 3 Pro PreviewTextVision1M
- Google: Nano Banana (Gemini 2.5 Flash Image)VisionText33K
- Google: Nano Banana 2 (Gemini 3.1 Flash Image Preview)VisionText131K
- Google: Nano Banana 2 (Gemini 3.1 Flash Image)VisionText131K
- Google: Nano Banana Pro (Gemini 3 Pro Image Preview)VisionText66K
- Google: Nano Banana Pro (Gemini 3 Pro Image)VisionText131K
- Google: Gemma 4 26B A4B VisionTextVideo262K
- Google: Gemma 4 31BVisionTextVideo262K
MicrosoftNone
- Microsoft: Phi 4 Mini InstructText131K
OpenAI- OpenAI: GPT AudioTextAudio128K
- OpenAI: GPT Audio MiniTextAudio128K
- OpenAI: GPT Chat LatestTextVisionFiles400K
- OpenAI: GPT-5TextVisionFiles400K
- OpenAI: GPT-5 ChatFilesVisionText128K
- OpenAI: GPT-5 CodexTextVision400K
- OpenAI: GPT-5 ImageVisionTextFiles400K
- OpenAI: GPT-5 Image MiniFilesVisionText400K
- OpenAI: GPT-5 MiniTextVisionFiles400K
- OpenAI: GPT-5 NanoTextVisionFiles400K
- OpenAI: GPT-5 ProVisionTextFiles400K
- OpenAI: GPT-5.1VisionTextFiles400K
- OpenAI: GPT-5.1 ChatFilesVisionText128K
- OpenAI: GPT-5.1-CodexTextVision400K
- OpenAI: GPT-5.1-Codex-MaxTextVision400K
- OpenAI: GPT-5.1-Codex-MiniVisionText400K
- OpenAI: GPT-5.2FilesVisionText400K
- OpenAI: GPT-5.2 ChatFilesVisionText128K
- OpenAI: GPT-5.2 ProVisionTextFiles400K
- OpenAI: GPT-5.2-CodexTextVision400K
- OpenAI: GPT-5.3 ChatTextVisionFiles128K
- OpenAI: GPT-5.3-CodexTextVisionFiles400K
- OpenAI: GPT-5.4TextVisionFiles1M
- OpenAI: GPT-5.4 Image 2VisionTextFiles272K
- OpenAI: GPT-5.4 MiniFilesVisionText400K
- OpenAI: GPT-5.4 NanoFilesVisionText400K
- OpenAI: GPT-5.4 ProTextVisionFiles1M
- OpenAI: GPT-5.5FilesVisionText1M
- OpenAI: GPT-5.5 ProFilesVisionText1M
- OpenAI: o3 Deep ResearchVisionTextFiles200K
- OpenAI: o4 Mini Deep ResearchFilesVisionText200K
- OpenAI: gpt-oss-120bText131K
- OpenAI: gpt-oss-20bText131K
- OpenAI: gpt-oss-safeguard-20bText131K
xAI- xAI: Grok 4.20TextVisionFiles2M
- xAI: Grok 4.20 Multi-AgentTextVisionFiles2M
- xAI: Grok 4.3TextVision1M
- xAI: Grok Build 0.1TextVision256K
None
Mistral AI- Mistral: Codestral 2508TextFiles256K
- Mistral: Mistral Large 3 2512TextVisionFiles262K
- Mistral: Mistral Medium 3.1TextVisionFiles131K
- Mistral: Mistral Medium 3.5TextVisionFiles262K
- Mistral: Devstral 2 2512TextFiles262K
- Mistral: Ministral 3 14B 2512TextVision262K
- Mistral: Ministral 3 3B 2512TextVision131K
- Mistral: Ministral 3 8B 2512TextVision262K
- Mistral: Mistral Small 4TextVision262K
- Mistral: Voxtral Small 24B 2507TextAudioFiles32K
AI21 LabsNone
- AI21: Jamba Large 1.7Text256K
Alibaba (Qwen)- Qwen: Qwen Plus 0728Text1M
- Qwen: Qwen Plus 0728 (thinking)Text1M
- Qwen: Qwen3 Coder FlashText1M
- Qwen: Qwen3 Coder PlusText1M
- Qwen: Qwen3 MaxText262K
- Qwen: Qwen3 Max ThinkingText262K
- Qwen: Qwen3.5 Plus 2026-02-15TextVisionVideo1M
- Qwen: Qwen3.5 Plus 2026-04-20TextVisionVideo1M
- Qwen: Qwen3.5-FlashTextVisionVideo1M
- Qwen: Qwen3.6 FlashTextVisionVideo1M
- Qwen: Qwen3.6 Max PreviewText262K
- Qwen: Qwen3.6 PlusTextVisionVideo1M
- Qwen: Qwen3.7 MaxText1M
- Qwen: Qwen3.7 PlusTextVision1M
- Qwen: Qwen3 235B A22B Instruct 2507Text262K
- Qwen: Qwen3 235B A22B Thinking 2507Text262K
- Qwen: Qwen3 30B A3B Instruct 2507Text131K
- Qwen: Qwen3 30B A3B Thinking 2507Text131K
- Qwen: Qwen3 Coder 30B A3B InstructText160K
- Qwen: Qwen3 Coder 480B A35BText1M
- Qwen: Qwen3 Coder NextText262K
- Qwen: Qwen3 Next 80B A3B InstructText262K
- Qwen: Qwen3 Next 80B A3B ThinkingText262K
- Qwen: Qwen3 VL 235B A22B InstructTextVision262K
- Qwen: Qwen3 VL 235B A22B ThinkingTextVision131K
- Qwen: Qwen3 VL 30B A3B InstructTextVision262K
- Qwen: Qwen3 VL 30B A3B ThinkingTextVision131K
- Qwen: Qwen3 VL 32B InstructTextVision262K
- Qwen: Qwen3 VL 8B InstructVisionText256K
- Qwen: Qwen3 VL 8B ThinkingVisionText256K
- Qwen: Qwen3.5 397B A17BTextVisionVideo256K
- Qwen: Qwen3.5-122B-A10BTextVisionVideo262K
- Qwen: Qwen3.5-27BTextVisionVideo262K
- Qwen: Qwen3.5-35B-A3BTextVisionVideo262K
- Qwen: Qwen3.5-9BTextVisionVideo256K
- Qwen: Qwen3.6 27BTextVisionVideo262K
- Qwen: Qwen3.6 35B A3BTextVisionVideo262K
ByteDance- Seed: Seed 1.6VisionTextVideo262K
- Seed: Seed 1.6 FlashVisionTextVideo262K
- Seed: Seed-2.0-LiteTextVisionVideo262K
- Seed: Seed-2.0-MiniTextVisionVideo262K
None
DeepSeekNone
- DeepSeek: DeepSeek V3.1Text164K
- DeepSeek: DeepSeek V3.1 TerminusText164K
- DeepSeek: DeepSeek V3.2Text131K
- DeepSeek: DeepSeek V3.2 ExpText164K
- DeepSeek: DeepSeek V4 FlashText1M
- DeepSeek: DeepSeek V4 ProText1M
MiniMax- MiniMax: MiniMax M2-herText66K
- MiniMax: MiniMax M2Text205K
- MiniMax: MiniMax M2.1Text205K
- MiniMax: MiniMax M2.5Text205K
- MiniMax: MiniMax M2.7Text205K
- MiniMax: MiniMax M3TextVisionVideo1M