The Inference Report

Professional graphic design is a long-horizon agentic task in which structured, editable artifacts emerge from many interdependent actions, yet outcomes admit no reliable programmatic oracle. We introduce a continual adaptation framework in which a frozen frontier model operates professional design software through more than 230 tools, while an external procedural memory of natural-language skills accumulates and refines reusable design procedures from experience. The memory widens by acquiring procedures for recurring uncovered subtasks and deepens by revising existing procedures against their own successful and failed executions, while a matched replay gate admits only changes that repair failures without regressing observed successes. Five rounds over 1,406 real user briefs and 1,869 automatically graded trajectories, with no weight updates and no human labels, grow the bank from 76 documentation-derived skills to 139 and raise GenEval2 execution success on Claude-Sonnet-4 from 72.7% to 99.3% (+11.99 points in generation quality), with 61.8% and 67.6% win rates against the no-skill agent across four specialized design benchmarks on Claude-Sonnet-4 and Claude-Opus-4.6. We further show the two mechanisms are effective in combination: on 200 held-out briefs from user-traffic benchmark, widening or deepening alone reaches a 49.4% / 48.6% win rate over the no-skill agent, while their combination reaches 58.5% (p = 0.025). Procedural memory offers a practical route to continual adaptation of agents under noisy, unverifiable feedback.

Occupational accident narratives contain valuable information about work situations, unfavourable conditions, accident events, and their consequences. Automatically structuring these narratives can facilitate large-scale accident analysis and support occupational risk prevention. However, the terminology and writing styles used to describe accidents vary considerably across sectors and organisations, raising questions about the ability of automated coding systems to generalize beyond their training domain. In this paper, we evaluate the cross-sector generalization of accident-process role classification in French occupational accident narratives. We construct an expert-annotated corpus in which factual units are classified into four roles: work situation (A0), explicitly reported unfavourable condition (A1), accident event or deviation (B), and reported consequence (C). The role classifiers are developed and selected exclusively on 42,244 factual units extracted from 6,040 construction-sector narratives and are then evaluated on unseen corpora from the metallurgy and chemistry--plastics sectors, as well as on an independently collected company corpus, without retraining or target-domain tuning of the role classifier. We compare frozen pretrained representations with task-specific fine-tuning and supervised representation-learning strategies. The results show that task-specific adaptation consistently improves cross-domain transfer over frozen representations. Across repeated training runs, the three leading task-adapted strategies achieved average balanced accuracies between 85.6% and 85.8% across the three target corpora. These findings support the development of transferable assisted-coding systems capable of consistently structuring heterogeneous occupational accident narratives for expert review and cross-sector prevention analysis.

Training capable coding agents via reinforcement learning (RL) requires diverse tasks with reliable verifiers. Open-source codebases offer a rich source of such tasks, while existing methods typically rely on development artifacts such as issues and commits, limiting the range of tasks that can be extracted. To better scale RL environments, we present CodeMidas, an agentic pipeline that turns implemented functionality in existing codebases into executable RL environments using source code as its only task-specific input. CodeMidas allocates agentic compute to every stage of environment construction: agents explore implemented functionality to formulate behavioral specifications, construct tests grounded in execution of the original code, and validate and filter candidate tasks through execution checks and repeated solution rollouts. The resulting dataset has 5,545 training tasks from 3,185 open-source codebases spanning 23 programming languages and 15 technical domains. Training MiMo-V2.5 on these tasks with GRPO improves performance on all five diverse benchmarks, covering issue repair (DeepSWE + 11.7%), whole-program construction (ProgramBench +17%), and terminal work (Terminal-Bench v2.1 +8.5%). Ablations show that increasing the number of high-quality training tasks improves performance. Trajectory analysis shows the RL-trained agent demonstrates better behaviors like increasing codebase exploration and more diverse self-verification. These results establish source code as a scalable foundation for constructing RL environments that improve coding agents across diverse software tasks.

Users increasingly delegate work to autonomous AI agents, yet evaluations typically measure task completion rather than the values users prioritize. Using Value Sensitive Design, we analyzed, with LLM assistance, 73,093 first-person Reddit posts about using OpenClaw, each for its human value, agent aspect, value fulfillment, and user outcome. The 21 values form six value groups, including Autonomous, Dependable, and Affordable Operation, Bounded Reach, Reviewability, and Equitable Access. Relative to each aspect's corpus share, values clustered not at the agent's outputs but at the operating conditions users set around a run. Values were usually met where users described what the agent delivered, in five of six groups, and mostly unmet where users described supervising it, in all six groups. We conceptualize this pattern as value-sensitive delegation. Supporting human values requires attention not only to what an agent accomplishes, but to the conditions users set around delegation, including cost, access, and oversight.

Advances in large-scale neural recording have made it possible to collect data across many animals and distributed brain regions, raising the question of whether this scale can be exploited to learn general-purpose neural representations transferable across diverse downstream tasks. Yet, progress toward this goal has been limited by fragmented evaluation protocols and a narrow focus on individual task domains. Here, we present BrainWideBench, a benchmark for evaluating across-animal transfer on multi-region neural recordings, built on the International Brain Laboratory Brainwide Map dataset of neural and behavioral recordings spanning 276 brain regions from 139 mice performing a sensory-guided decision-making task. The benchmark is organized around three complementary task suites that evaluate whether learned representations support downstream decoding of behavior, can predict masked or future neural activity, and can recover biologically meaningful anatomical organization. With this benchmark, we systematically evaluate pretraining methods across transfer settings, including finetuning on downstream objectives and zero-shot generalization to unseen animals. Our results confirm pretraining improves performance over matched single-session baselines, but we show current methods exhibit heterogeneity in transfer capabilities: gains depend strongly on the alignment between pretraining objectives and downstream tasks. No single approach performs uniformly well across all three suites, and most methods are designed to only address a subset of them. Together, these findings suggest that learning representations that jointly generalize across behavior, dynamics, and anatomy remains an open challenge. By providing a unified and reproducible evaluation suite, BrainWideBench establishes a framework for measuring progress toward general-purpose models of the mouse brain.

Multi-hop retrieval failures are not uniformly distributed across queries: they cluster in structurally predictable subpopulations. We prove two results formalizing this structure. First (CWAR Reducibility): confident-failure reduction is achievable if and only if retrieval features carry mutual information about success, a condition satisfied by LLM-judge pipelines but substantially weaker in dense-only settings, explaining the AUC-AC gap between regimes. Second (Feature Regime Complementarity): no single ANN score feature achieves best predictive performance across all failure regimes; the dominant feature differs between datasets (query length on MuSiQue, hop-1 concentration on HoVer), and a constructive witness pair shows each is necessary in one regime and non-contributory in the other. We instantiate these principles in RegimeAbstain, which computes a Retrieval Confidence Score (RCS), a logistic function of up to nine query-ANN structural features, all available without any additional LLM call, and uses it to implement a calibrated abstention policy. We define the Confident-Wrong-Answer Rate (CWAR) metric and evaluate across three multi-hop benchmarks (MuSiQue, 2WikiMultiHopQA, HoVer) and two retrieval architectures (LLM-judge and dense-only), covering five failure regimes with CWAR from 14.5% to 62.1%. RCS achieves best or co-best AUC-AC in all five conditions against eight confidence baselines. On MuSiQue (LLM-judge), RCS reduces CWAR from 39.5% to 20.6% at 50% coverage (47.8% relative reduction), with ECE=0.035. A model trained on MuSiQue transfers to 2WikiMultiHopQA with only -0.5pp AUC loss, confirming the domain-agnostic structure of regime features.