The Inference Report

Human motion prediction combines the tasks of trajectory forecasting and human pose prediction. For each of the two tasks, specialized models have been developed. Combining these models for holistic human motion prediction is non-trivial, and recent methods have struggled to compete on established benchmarks for individual tasks. To address this, we propose a simple yet effective transformer-based model for human motion prediction. The model employs a stack of self-attention modules to effectively capture both spatial dependencies within a pose and temporal relationships across a motion sequence. This simple, streamlined, end-to-end model is sufficiently versatile to handle pose-only, trajectory-only, and combined prediction tasks without task-specific modifications. We demonstrate that this approach achieves state-of-the-art results across all tasks through extensive experiments on a wide range of benchmark datasets, including Human3.6M, AMASS, ETH-UCY, and 3DPW.

Data assimilation (DA) combines model forecasts and observations to estimate the optimal state of the atmosphere with its uncertainty, providing initial conditions for weather prediction and reanalyses for climate research. Yet, existing traditional and machine-learning DA methods struggle to achieve accuracy, efficiency and uncertainty quantification simultaneously. Here, we propose HLOBA (Hybrid-Ensemble Latent Observation-Background Assimilation), a three-dimensional hybrid-ensemble DA method that operates in an atmospheric latent space learned via an autoencoder (AE). HLOBA maps both model forecasts and observations into a shared latent space via the AE encoder and an end-to-end Observation-to-Latent-space mapping network (O2Lnet), respectively, and fuses them through a Bayesian update with weights inferred from time-lagged ensemble forecasts. Both idealized and real-observation experiments demonstrate that HLOBA matches dynamically constrained four-dimensional DA methods in both analysis and forecast skill, while achieving end-to-end inference-level efficiency and theoretical flexibility applies to any forecasting model. Moreover, by exploiting the error decorrelation property of latent variables, HLOBA enables element-wise uncertainty estimates for its latent analysis and propagates them to model space via the decoder. Idealized experiments show that this uncertainty highlights large-error regions and captures their seasonal variability.

The discovery rate of optical transients will explode to 10 million public alerts per night once the Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time comes online, overwhelming the traditional physics-based inference pipelines. A continuous-time forecasting AI model is of interest because it can deliver millisecond-scale inference for thousands of objects per day, whereas legacy MCMC codes need hours per object. In this paper, we propose SELDON, a new continuous-time variational autoencoder for panels of sparse and irregularly time-sampled (gappy) astrophysical light curves that are nonstationary, heteroscedastic, and inherently dependent. SELDON combines a masked GRU-ODE encoder with a latent neural ODE propagator and an interpretable Gaussian-basis decoder. The encoder learns to summarize panels of imbalanced and correlated data even when only a handful of points are observed. The neural ODE then integrates this hidden state forward in continuous time, extrapolating to future unseen epochs. This extrapolated time series is further encoded by deep sets to a latent distribution that is decoded to a weighted sum of Gaussian basis functions, the parameters of which are physically meaningful. Such parameters (e.g., rise time, decay rate, peak flux) directly drive downstream prioritization of spectroscopic follow-up for astrophysical surveys. Beyond astronomy, the architecture of SELDON offers a generic recipe for interpretable and continuous-time sequence modeling in any time domain where data are multivariate, sparse, heteroscedastic, and irregularly spaced.

WebGIS development requires rigor, yet agentic AI frequently fails due to five large language model (LLM) limitations: context constraints, cross-session forgetting, stochasticity, instruction failure, and adaptation rigidity. We propose a dual-helix governance framework reframing these challenges as structural governance problems that model capacity alone cannot resolve. We implement the framework as a 3-track architecture (Knowledge, Behavior, Skills) that uses a knowledge graph substrate to stabilize execution by externalizing domain facts and enforcing executable protocols, complemented by a self-learning cycle for autonomous knowledge growth. Applying this to the FutureShorelines WebGIS tool, a governed agent refactored a 2,265-line monolithic codebase into modular ES6 components. Results demonstrated a 51\% reduction in cyclomatic complexity and a 7-point increase in maintainability index. A comparative experiment against a zero-shot LLM confirms that externalized governance, not just model capability, drives operational reliability in geospatial engineering. This approach is implemented in the open-source AgentLoom governance toolkit.

Feed-forward transformer models have driven rapid progress in 3D vision, but state-of-the-art methods such as VGGT and $π^3$ have a computational cost that scales quadratically with the number of input images, making them inefficient when applied to large image collections. Sequential-reconstruction approaches reduce this cost but sacrifice reconstruction quality. We introduce ZipMap, a stateful feed-forward model that achieves linear-time, bidirectional 3D reconstruction while matching or surpassing the accuracy of quadratic-time methods. ZipMap employs test-time training layers to zip an entire image collection into a compact hidden scene state in a single forward pass, enabling reconstruction of over 700 frames in under 10 seconds on a single H100 GPU, more than $20\times$ faster than state-of-the-art methods such as VGGT. Moreover, we demonstrate the benefits of having a stateful representation in real-time scene-state querying and its extension to sequential streaming reconstruction.

Deep Research agents are rapidly emerging as primary consumers of modern retrieval systems. Unlike human users who issue and refine queries without documenting their intermediate thought processes, Deep Research agents generate explicit natural language reasoning before each search call, revealing rich intent and contextual information that existing retrievers entirely ignore. To exploit this overlooked signal, we introduce: (1) Reasoning-Aware Retrieval, a retrieval paradigm that jointly embeds the agent's reasoning trace alongside its query; and (2) DR-Synth, a data synthesis method that generates Deep Research retriever training data from standard QA datasets. We demonstrate that both components are independently effective, and their combination yields a trained embedding model, AgentIR-4B, with substantial gains. On the challenging BrowseComp-Plus benchmark, AgentIR-4B achieves 68\% accuracy with the open-weight agent Tongyi-DeepResearch, compared to 50\% with conventional embedding models twice its size, and 37\% with BM25. Code and data are available at: https://texttron.github.io/AgentIR/.